Visa issues for visiting teachers have prompted suspensions and contributed to cancellation of some CI programs. It remains too soon to determine whether these interdependencies will mitigate or intensify rivalry. At larger universities with separate Chinese language departments teaching for-credit courses, CIs typically focus on language teacher training, K-12 language classes and community language and cultural outreach. Devising effective policy prescriptions will require new thinking about how the United States should navigate its relationship with China. As developing Asia continues to make strides with an outward looking economic model, the vast majority of the worlds middle class is expected to live in this region. It is in its near abroad, that Chinas influence is felt more intensely: from its expansive claims in the South and East China seas, border conflicts with India, and the more frequent use of economic coercion on regional actors; to landmark connectivity initiatives such as the Belt and Road initiative aiming to close the infrastructure finance gap and secure Chinas leadership in the region. What are the implications of Chinese activity across various strategic domains security, infrastructure, economic statecraft, and more for the United States? In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. From a U.S. policy perspective, a more holistic understanding of Chinas innovation strategybeyond a myopic focus on technology transferwill be key to effectively competing with China in emerging and foundational technologies. Multiple factors, including dimmer China-related job prospects, as well as pollution and academic and lifestyle concerns relating to study within the PRC, explain this trend. Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. Our group seeks to explore the following questions: Our broader work will include research on the strategic and military significance of Chinese incorporation of Taiwan into its territory as well as work on integrated deterrence and on forecasting war outcomes over Taiwan. China has not joined the Global Methane Pledge, jointly announced by President Biden and EU President Von der Leyen in September 2021. In fact, the Chinese government has been pushing its tech industry to move beyond copycat methods. RYAN HASS is Michael H. Armacost Chair in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution. Rush Doshi is the Brookings-Yale Fellow (on leave) at the Brookings Institution and Yale Law School's Paul Tsai China Center. What measures can Washington adopt to ensure that United States and allies remain one to two generations ahead in semiconductor manufacturing and other high-end hardware? Given the allegations surrounding CIs, which continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, CI host universities should all publish their CI agreements online. The Brookings Institution, a prominent Washington, D.C., think tank, partnered with a Shanghai policy center that the FBI has described as a front for China's intelligence and spy recruitment. Beijing has also leveraged overseas technology and knowledgein conjunction with supporting reformsto bolster its own innovation capabilities and adapt them to fit within the Chinese model. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. Disclosure: Brookings Takes Millions from Foreign Governments A 2019 report from Chinas National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) even attempts to differentiate Chinese smart cities from foreign ones; the latter focus on the management of things, while the Chinese version focuses on people. (Huawei contributed between $100,000 and $249,000 to Brookings from July 2012 to June 2013.). On April 11, Tanvi Madan joined Global Georgetown for the discussion, Assessing Chinas Influence in South Asia.. What role has the U.S. relationship with the region in turn played in affecting Chinas influence and strategy? But in terms of issues that could grow directly out of the U.S.-China relationship, and that both sides take seriously enough to make the prospect of high-end warfare credible, the Taiwan issue stands out. Chinese universities that participate in CIEF and serve as CI partners are mostly state-funded and, like everything in China, under CCP leadership. Ensuring a good environment for development is in the interest of both super-powers because a world of poverty and slow growth is likely to be full of conflict. But we will also examine Chinese use of diplomatic and economic instruments to shape and in some cases subvert the workings of regional organizations (e.g. For U.S. policymakers, understanding the end-state of Chinas technology transfer system is critical to crafting effective policy. Here, China has shifted from being a rule-taker to a rule-shaper. GGFs play a variety of roles: Some are designed to promote a strategic high-tech industry like semiconductors or AI; others aim to attract industry to a specific city or region within China. In Berlin, the government is working to use ICTs to make the city more efficient, healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable. Chinese smart cities provide another example of Chinas ability to derive something innovative from pre-existing technologies. The company is effectively an arm of the Chinese government, Arkansas Senator Tom Cotton said in February, and its more than capable of stealing information from U.S. officials by hacking its devices. (Huawei has long denied those allegations. To drive the development of new policy thinking for Americas approach to China, this working group will examine several central questions as well as other issues that are derivative of them. It also aims to leverage new forms of AI-enabled surveillance and repression in ways that strengthen its illiberal model of governanceboth within China and around the world. Beijing will want to visibly register its displeasure, lest its leaders be accused at home of tolerating Taiwans efforts to move further away from China. Reports - Brookings Who funds the new Brookings? - Washington Post Is China interfering in American politics? Over the past two decades, China has engaged in a fast-paced, sustained program of military expansion and modernization. In turn, Brookings Institute staff like Richard C. Bush (a former member of the National Intelligence Council and a U.S. national intelligence officer for East Asia) vociferously champion the . U.S. experts and policymakers cannot operate under the flawed and debunked assumption that China cannot innovate in these emerging technologies. CIEF is now responsible, working together with Chinese partner universities, for contractual and funding arrangements, not Hanban or MOE. Nonetheless, Brookings has a conflict of interest problem with Huawei the worlds second-largest smartphone maker, behind Samsung and ahead of Apple, and a company long seen as a threat to the United States. The Indo-Pacific is evolving in one more fundamental way: the rewiring of the lines of security and economic cooperation. Each year they provide a transparent annual report regarding finances and funding. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. That includes both techniques for pushing back against growing Chinese influence, but also possibly strategies for advancing the use of global order frameworks as devices for helping to manage the bilateral relationship. The management scholar Nir Kshetri attributes this success to a handful of factors, including a high degree of technological savvy among Chinese consumers, a fintech-friendly regulatory environment, and Chinas improving science and technology prowess. For the United States, strategic competition with China will be a defining feature of the 21st century. Now, Chinese smart cities make use of an integrated system of physical, information, social, and commercial infrastructure to allow a given city to monitor its citizens and report back through a vast connected network. How can the United States deepen its bench of AI talent, from top-tier researchers that push forward the state-of-the-art in both AI algorithms and hardware to engineers and developers that can deploy AI at scale? the European Union and African Union) that play major roles in the diplomacy of global order and organization. China, East Asia ysun@stimson.org (202) 478-3434 Yun Sun is a Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the East Asia Program and Director of the China Program at the Stimson Center. However, the overwhelming desire of the leaders in both nations to work together to counter American dominance has brought them increasingly closer together in recent years. information clearinghouse on Chinese CI personnel in the U.S. interest among U.S. students has been declining, American views of China more generally have plunge, concerns relating to study within the PRC, decreased U.S. government higher education, difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, reassess the concerns, evidence and U.S. actions taken, does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy, continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, South Korean-American pie: Unpacking the US-South Korea summit, Germanys China dilemma takes on a new urgency, Americans show signs of impatience with Ukraine war. The CI program sent hundreds of teachers to help meet U.S. government goals for Mandarin instruction under the Bush and Obama administrations. What actions can the United States take to allow for China and other developing countries to have greater say in these institutions? The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. The subsequent closure of CIs at two universities attracted congressional scrutiny and prompted a series of dueling reports. How can we define Chinas economic and security influence and role in the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa? Despite promising to produce thin and modern 7-nanometer chips, SMIC lacks the machine tools to make them. On March 5, the U.S. Senate voted to deny Department of Education funding to universities that host Confucius Institutes (CIs)the controversial Chinese language and culture centers partially. In 2013, West met Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei at a technology conference, according to his 2014 book Billionaires: Reflections on the Upper Crust, which Brookings Institution Press published. The program aims to build the research and analytical skills of NGO leaders and academics who have substantial experience and ties to developing countries. Brookings - Quality. Independence. Impact. In 2006, the Brookings-Tsinghua Center (BTC) for Public Policy was established in Beijing, China, as a partnership between Brookings Institution in Washington, DC and Tsinghua University's School of Public Policy and Management in Beijing, China. But the Indo-Pacific is also bedeviled by security challenges: rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, North Koreas intensified nuclear and missile programs, and the military coup in Myanmar. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. What are the implications of Chinas economic expansion and what can the U.S. and others do to set and promote global norms and standards? It further reported a variety of negotiated provisions making U.S. law, as well as school policies, applicable to all CI activities, as in this published agreement. What began as a messaging app no different than WhatsApp or Skype has evolved into a high-tech Swiss Army knife of sorts. Chinas MOE reorganized the CI project in June 2020, implementing a CCP-approved reform plan to develop CIs as a significant force for cultural and educational exchange with other countries. Brookings Institution - SourceWatch Brookings Institution -- The Progressive Jukebox Funded By U.S - Forbes The Brookings Institution, one of the country's top left-leaning think tanks, has for the first time admitted to Congress that it receives millions of dollars every year from foreign. What is at stake in a U.S.-China war, including what are the implications if China successfully annexes Taiwan? What are other worthy goals that merit policy focus, but that fall below must have priorities with respect to China? The ones that are likely to have the greatest effect on rebalancing China's economy fall into four areas: (1) the household registration system (hukou); (2) inter-governmental fiscal reform: (3). The verdict likely will need to be viewed on a case-by-case basis. Qatar, the small but wealthy Middle East nation, agreed last year to make a $14.8 million, four-year donation to Brookings, which has helped fund a Brookings affiliate in Qatar and a project on. Similarly, flouting of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and decisions by the big players is particularly hard on small and medium-sized economies. Can the U.S. and China manage their relationship in a way that allows for collaboration on climate and energy challenges? This working group will look at the following issues: The working group will produce a set of specific recommendations, some for China and the U.S. to pursue unilaterally and others for them to pursue collaboratively. Brookings Institution - Media Bias/Fact Check The consequences of U.S.-China competition over AI and emerging technology extend far beyond the digital domain. However, the Chinese International Education Foundation (CIEF), a nominally independent organization registered with the Civil Affairs Ministry, supervised by MOE, and initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, will manage the CI brand and program. Has US-China rivalry passed a tipping point? On Think Tanks | Brookings institution Beijing has gone a step further in building smart cities by incorporating surveillance and population monitoring technologies into the broader smart city ecosystem. The U.S. government launched an initiative with Taiwan in December 2020 to expand existing Mandarin language opportunities in the U.S. and help fill a gap created by CI closings. The Brookings Doha Center, an arm of the think tank in Qatar's capital that focuses on Middle East issues, is funded largely by the Qatari government, which has pledged $21.6 million to . Can the U.S. and China work together integrating renewable energy and electrifying end uses of energy? The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. In addition, K-12 schools continue to host about 500 Confucius Classrooms. How important is Europe for Americas China policy? Both countries have advanced universities and research labs. This has captured the imagination and heightened the concern of strategists and policy-makers in Asia and the United States, and to a lesser extent Europe. What are the options for strategic arms control that could help cap Chinas expected nuclear buildup? What would the impacts be at home and abroad? For most developing countries, either China or the United States is the largest trading partner and access to these enormous markets is a key foundation for prosperity. As we watch the Chinese Communist Party celebrate its centennial anniversary in 2021, many observers have noted that China has moved away from traditional communism and more towards a system that fits its modern needsSocialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era, as designated by Xi Jinping himself. The Indo-Pacific Quad, which includes the United States, Australia, India, and Japan is increasingly an important forum for American policy in the region. The transportation and industrial sectors are important to both countries and ideally the U.S. and China can work together on technology development and implementation to electrify and decarbonize these two difficult sectors. What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? What steps can the United States take to create a stable financial environment as the dominant shareholder in the International Monetary Fund and the home of the largest private capital markets? Despite the huge amount of capital (estimated to be upwards of $150 billion USD from 2014 through 2030) and resources that Beijing has poured into bolstering Chinas domestic semiconductor manufacturing capacity, many of the countrys leading firms are struggling to realize the governments goals. COVID is a classic current example. What does a global China mean for the US and the world? Moreover, after the Hanban reorganization in June 2020, CIUS is no longer directly supported by Chinas MOE, nor has it received any funding from CLEC or CIEF and must look to fundraising from Chinese and U.S. universities and other sources. Its defense spending, even if still only a third of Americas, is triple that of any other country. Although Japanese and South Korean firms also sit within the top ten holders of smart city patents, State Grid Corporations 7,156 patents in November 2020 was more than double second-ranked Samsungs mere 3,148 patents. Similarly, biotech giant BGI has managed to dominate the genetic sequencing industry via private investment and government subsidies and support. It will also explore whether the great powers can cooperate on common global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and nuclear non-proliferation. AAUP recommended that universities cease involvement with CIs, which it characterized as as an arm of the Chinese state, unless their agreements are transparent to the university community, afford them control over all academic matters and grant CI teachers the same rights enjoyed by other faculty. Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. 2021/39 "The Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia after COVID-19 China Is Not Ten Feet Tall - Foreign Affairs From a potential responsible stakeholder to a strategic competitor, the U.S. governments assessment of China has changed dramatically in recent years. Indeed, whether by theft or forced transfer, the acquisition of foreign intellectual property has served as a key component of Chinas technological forward march. The Brookings Institution, a prominent Washington, D.C., think tank, partnered with a Shanghai policy center that the FBI has described as a front for China's intelligence and spy recruitment operations, according to public records and federal court documents. It will also be a poor foundation for tackling global challenges such as pandemic control and climate change. It should also consider authorizing the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) to serve as a visa sponsor to assist Chinese teachers and staff of CIs obtain the proper visas, as well as enable CIUS to serve as a clearinghouse for information on such PRC personnel for relevant U.S. government agencies. The reported ranges examined by The Post were $50,000-$99,999; $100,000-$249,999;. China has worked to restructure its higher education system to develop universities capable of conducting research and competing at an international level through the 985 Project, the 211 Project, and now the Double First-Class Plan. All views expressed only represent the personal opinions of the author. Its analysis of governance and secrecy provisions in 90 CI agreements found that U.S. university personnel generally control curriculum and teaching materials, although this is not always made clear in agreements. As my colleague at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) Anna Puglisi has written, discussions surrounding China as a strategic competitor have been shaped by the notion that only democracy can promote innovation and creativity, that a market economy provides the only route to success, and that innovation derives from the private sector. The National Academies is holding a kickoff meetingon Friday for a study committee that will review the effectiveness of U.S. mechanisms for recruiting and retaining international and domestic scientists in comparison to ones operated by competing nations, particularly China and Russia. However, the legal, illegal, and extralegal appropriation of foreign technologies and products is only one part of the story. Register now. China is now without doubt the worlds number two military power. Nonetheless, official U.S. pressure to close CIs and their K-12 programs, including by withholding federal funds for universities that host CIs, is further exacerbating a national language deficit precipitated in part by decreased U.S. government higher education and foreign language funding over the years. That formidable task requires the U.S. to foster more realistic and actionable expectations, criticisms and commitments, rather than policies and actions based on an alarmist China caricature that does not reflect the more complex reality of that country, its people and its behavior abroad. At least three U.S. universities with CIs have hosted the Dalai Lama, although a CI director warned another universitys provost that re-scheduling a cancelled visit by the Dalai Lama could disrupt relationships with China, leading the provost to observe that a CI does present opportunities for subtle pressure and conflict. Most CIs do limit their scope to language and traditional culture, leaving political and other topics to other university contexts. Lindsey W. Ford, Tarun Chhabra, and Ryan Hass, A conversation on the US approach to the Peoples Republic of China with Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R. Sherman, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of technology competition, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of great power competition, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world, Global China: Assessing Beijings growing influence in the international system, Global China: Examining Chinas approach to global governance and norms, Global China Webinar: Assessing Chinas growing regional influence and strategy, Webinar: Global China Assessing Chinas technological reach in the world, Global China: Assessing Chinas relations with the great powers, Global China: Assessing Chinas role in East Asia, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world and implications for U.S.-China strategic competition, Chinas choices and the fate of the post-post-Cold War era, Ukraine presents opportunity to test Chinas strategic outlook, Around the halls: Implications of Russias invasion of Ukraine, Pavel K. Baev, Jessica Brandt, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Jeremy Greenwood, Samantha Gross, Daniel S. Hamilton, Bruce Jones, Marvin Kalb, Patricia M. Kim, Suzanne Maloney, Amy J. Nelson, Thomas Pickering, Bruce Riedel, Natan Sachs, Constanze Stelzenmller, Caitlin Talmadge, Shibley Telhami, David G. Victor, and Andrew Yeo, Learning the right lessons from Ukraine for Taiwan, Ryan Hass, Patricia M. Kim, Emilie Kimball, Jessica Brandt, David Dollar, Cameron F. Kerry, Aaron Klein, Joshua P. Meltzer, Chris Meserole, Amy J. Nelson, Pavneet Singh, Melanie W. Sisson, and Thomas Wright, Global China: Assessing Chinas Growing Role in the World, Edited by Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, and Emilie Kimball, Balancing act: Major powers and the global response to US-China great power competition, Fiona Hill, Tanvi Madan, Amanda Sloat, Mireya Sols, Constanze Stelzenmller, Bruce Jones, Emilie Kimball, Jesse I. Kornbluth, and Ted Reinert, Playing with fire: Italy, China, and Europe, Charts of the Week: Chinas rising economic and military spending, Rethinking US-China competition: Next generation perspectives, Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, Mira Rapp-Hooper, Bruce Jones, and Will Moreland. But Wests most eyebrow-raising speaking event came in November 2017, when he presented the findings of his October report at a Huawei conference in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur. As a result of the COVID pandemic and recession, debt burdens that had seemed prudent in many cases are now unsustainable. Brookings's reports do not disclose specific contribution amounts but instead categorize donors into ranges. In Portland, Oregon, smart city technologies are being deployed to collect and share data across public and private industry to increase efficiency and promote transparency. In essence, Chinese technological innovation is a system of re-innovation, or zaichuangxin; it does not mirror other global paradigms. A congressionally-commissioned study by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) published in February 2019 essentially supported that view. Hanban contributed start-up funds to, and shared operating costs with, the U.S. partner institution, which also supplied classrooms and administrative support. What are the policy implications for the United States overall economic competitiveness and its national security? But China shows what real authoritarianism looks like. Taiwan Funding of Think Tanks: Omnipresent and Rarely Disclosed However, U.S.China relations deteriorated in the intervening years. . These technologies include heavy-duty gas turbines, high-pressure piston pumps, steel for high-end bearings, photolithography machines, core industrial software, and more. The provisions seek to lessen U.S. reliance on foreign manufacturing sources, while investing in a local . How state and local leaders can harness new infrastructure funding to build a stronger, more . With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. ), Between July 2016 and June 2018, Huawei gave at least $300,000 to Brookings, via FutureWei Technologies, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary of the company, according to Brookings' annual reports. Brookings Institution - The New York Times China's investments in smart cities have yielded a major windfall. Our group will focus on strengthening U.S. responses to the Taiwan security challenge in particular. What are the key dynamics and salient issues at play in Chinas relationship with the region? Chinese firms have also successfully marketed the Chinese version of smart cities to countries around the world, many of which share similar, non-liberal governance structures. Yet, interest among U.S. students has been declining since peaking around 2011, as American views of China more generally have plunged to the lowest level since polling began. About the Tax Policy Center | Tax Policy Center The Institution's founder, philanthropist Robert S. Brookings (1850-1932), originally created three organizations: the Institute for Government Research, the Institute of Economics (with funds from the Carnegie Corporation ), and the Robert Brookings Graduate School affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis.
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