No tier ranking is permanent. Internally, the Office of the Special Representative and Co-Ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) helped develop and adopt contract and tender provisions for OSCE procurement; conducted a pilot assessment of TIP risk in procurement of the OSCE field operation in Serbia, results from which were published in an analysis report; developed guidance for OSCE procurement to prevent TIP, and developed training for OSCE procurement and program staff and launched implementation. Significant work needs to be done to address this practice in South Sudan, and the U.S. government will continue to urge the government to take additional steps to prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of child soldiers. This means that service providers can recognize signs of trauma in individuals and respond by integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, practices, and settings. The FATF Recommendations also encourage jurisdictions to undertake proactive parallel financial investigations, including by collaborating with public and private financial institutions, as a standard practice when investigating and prosecuting human trafficking crimes, with a view to tracing, freezing, and confiscating proceeds acquired through this crime. These stereotypes may affect, for example, which communities law enforcement target for anti-trafficking operations, which victim witnesses the criminal justice system deems credible, and which individuals process their experiences as exploitation and seek help. Hong Kong Turkey Survivors of human trafficking often discover that human traffickers have taken control of their financial identity or banking products and limited or prevented their access to the financial system, spoiling their credit record and hindering their financial reintegration. Digital identity solutions and access to digital financial services can help victims securely obtain financial assistance from governments or NGOs, access victim support services, repair their credit, and receive restitution payments when appropriate and available. Resources for these organizations are often already strained and should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking. Looking Back on Twenty Years of the Trafficking in Persons Report. From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad to sexual slavery on government compounds, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. As a result, there was a significant increase in suspicious transaction reports filed by financial institutions related to this activity. Since the declaration of a national state of emergency in Peru, the assignments of police units, including those focused on anti-trafficking efforts, shifted to enforcing the government-imposed isolation measures. Vietnam Papua New Guinea Ariana Holly Tanzania South Sudan We also expect that FMF may support elements of the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program for the Super Tucanos. Australia Sweden Trafficking in Persons Report 2021 | RESPECT The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. The OSCE/UN Women survey demonstrated the overall plight of survivors during the pandemic, noting that access to employment decreased by 85 percent, medical services by 73 percent, social services by 70 percent, legal assistance and access to food and water by 66 percent, psychological assistance by 64 percent, and access to safe accommodation by 63 percent. Another manifestation of human trafficking occurs when a governmental armed group (including police or other security forces), paramilitary organization, rebel group, or other non-state armed group unlawfully recruits or uses childrenthrough force, fraud, or coercionas combatants or in support roles. 12. Organizations can also implement paid mental health days, self-care plans as part of employee reviews, and organization-wide education encompassing individual wellness. South Sudan Cuba Page 5: Picture Alliance The GOA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Justifications for Waivers and Exceptions. Its not that people of color do more drugs, are more engaged in criminal behavior, its that they are more vulnerable, more targeted by the police for prostitution and other crimes. In Xinjiang, the government is the trafficker. The concurrence of the increased number of individuals at risk, traffickers ability to capitalize on competing crises, and the diversion of resources to pandemic response efforts has resulted in an ideal environment for human trafficking to flourish and evolve. For the knowing commission of any act of sex trafficking involving force, fraud, coercion, or in which the victim of sex trafficking is a child incapable of giving meaningful consent, or of trafficking which includes rape or kidnapping or which causes a death, the government of the country should prescribe punishment commensurate with that for grave crimes, such as forcible sexual assault. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Cameroon and has certified that the Government of Cameroon is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Consistent with the definition of human trafficking, governments should not penalize or prosecute victims of trafficking in persons for the unlawful acts their trafficker compelled them to commit. Security sector assistance to Libya, while nascent, is used exclusively to tackle the underlying causes of the Libyan conflict and shape Libyas security institutions in a positive direction. Doing so requires us to mitigate harmful practices and policies that cause socioeconomic or political vulnerabilities that traffickers often prey on. 333, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support. They told her she could not go see her father, and that she must participate in 15 days of education because she was Muslim and an ethnic Kazakh. The international community has taken tough action to promote accountability for the PRCs actions and strengthen market defenses against the import of these goods. Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house. Whether the government of the country achieves appreciable progress in eliminating severe forms of trafficking when compared to the assessment in the previous year. [See PDF version.]. Millions fall to trafficking post-pandemic, UN says Disrespecting survivor leaders and their experiences hurts and further exploits survivors, who are key stakeholders in the anti-trafficking movement, and it ultimately perpetuates a harmful and deficient understanding of what it means to be survivor-informed. Statistics In 2021, 10,359 situations of human trafficking were reported to the U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline involving 16,554 individual victims. We need to be told this isnt normal and that we are experiencing victimization. While the TVPA and UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sexual slavery or forced labor schemes. Page 75: Panos Pictures/Samuel Aranda As of April 5, no PKO funding was obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $76,098 The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Countries with the largest number of people in modern slavery 2018, Countries with the highest prevalence of people in modern slavery 2018, Human trafficking forms globally 2006-2020, Number of human trafficking victims worldwide 2008-2021, Share of trafficking victims worldwide 2004-2020, by gender and age, Countries with the largest number of people in modern slavery, as of 2018, Countries with the highest prevalence of people in modern slavery, as of 2018 (per 1,000 population), Total number of human trafficking victims identified worldwide from 2008 to 2021, Number of human trafficking victims identified in 2021, by region, Number of human trafficking victims identified worldwide in 2021, by region, Share of trafficking victims worldwide from 2004 to 2020, by gender and age, Share of children among trafficking victims worldwide 2020, by region and gender, Share of trafficking victims who were children and adults in 2020, by region and gender, Flows of trafficking victims 2017-2020, by region of detection, Share of human trafficking victims from 2017 to 2020, by region of detection, Share of human trafficking victims by type of border crossing made 2008-2018, Share of international human trafficking victims from 2008 to 2018, by type of border crossing made, Share of trafficking victims by transportation during border crossing 2008-2018, Share of international human trafficking victims from 2008 to 2018, by mode of transportation used during border crossing and legality of border crossing, Share of human trafficking victims by exploitation en route 2008-2018, Share of international human trafficking victims from 2008 to 2018, by exploitation en route and legality of border crossing, Share of trafficking victims by exploitation type and legal border crossing 2008-2018, Share of international human trafficking victims from 2008 to 2018, by exploitation type and legality of border crossing, Forms of exploitation of trafficking victims in 2020, by region, Most common forms of exploitation of trafficking victims, by gender 2018, Share of human trafficking victims worldwide in 2018, by form of exploitation and gender, Number of victims of forced labor by region 2021, Estimated number of victims of forced labor worldwide in 2021, by region (in millions), Prevalence rate of victims of forced labor by region 2021, Prevalence rate of victims of forced labor worldwide in 2021, by region (per 1,000 inhabitants), Rate of victims of forced labor 2021, by form, Number of victims of forced labor worldwide per 1,000 population in 2021, by form of forced labor, Means of coercion of forced laborers worldwide 2021, Distribution of means of coercion used to control forced laborers worldwide in 2021, Share of labor trafficking victims by relationship to trafficker 2012-2019, Share of labor trafficking victims from 2012 to 2019, by relationship to trafficker, Leading means of control experienced by labor trafficking victims 2006-2019, Leading means of control experienced by labor trafficking victims from 2006 to 2019, Share of victims of forced labor worldwide 2021, by industry and gender, Share of victims of forced labor worldwide in 2021, by industry and gender, Forms of human trafficking worldwide from 2006 to 2020, Share of sex trafficking victims by relationship to trafficker 2015-2019, Share of sex trafficking victims from 2015 to 2019, by relationship to trafficker, Leading means of control experienced by sex trafficking victims 2003-2021, Leading means of control experienced by sex trafficking victims from 2003 to 2021, Share of sex trafficking victims South Asia 2003-2021, by age, Share of sex trafficking victims in South Asia from 2003 to 2021, by age group, Share of sex trafficking victims South Asia 2003-2021, by gender, Share of sex trafficking victims in South Asia from 2003 to 2021, by gender, Share of sex trafficking victims in Central Africa 2003-2021, by age, Distribution of sex trafficking victims in Central Africa between 2003 and 2021, by age group, Share of sex trafficking victims in South America 2003-2021, by gender, Share of sex trafficking victims in South America from 2003 to 2021, by gender, Distribution of victims of forced marriage worldwide 2021, by region, Distribution of victims of forced marriage worldwide in 2021, by region, Prevalence of child marriage worldwide 2005-2019, by region, Prevalence of child marriage worldwide from 2005 to 2020, by region, Countries with the highest share of married girls 2022, Countries with the highest child marriage rate as of 2022, Rate of victims of forced marriage worldwide 2021, by region and gender, Number of victims of forced marriage worldwide per 1,000 population in 2021, by region and gender, Distribution of victims of forced marriage worldwide 2021, by income level, Distribution of victims of forced marriage worldwide in 2021, by country's level of income, Breakdown of victims of forced marriage worldwide 2021, by age and gender, Distribution of victims of forced marriage worldwide in 2021, by age and gender, Share of countries with legislation on trafficking in persons 2003-2020, by type, Share of countries with full, partial or no legislation on trafficking in persons from 2003 to 2020, Number of prosecutions of human trafficking worldwide 2007-2021, Number of prosecutions of human trafficking worldwide from 2007 to 2021, Number of convictions of human trafficking worldwide 2007-2021, Total number of convictions related to human trafficking worldwide from 2007 to 2021, Human trafficking prosecutions in 2021, by region, Number of prosecutions related to human trafficking worldwide in 2021, by region, Human trafficking convictions in 2021, by region, Number of convictions related to human trafficking worldwide in 2021, by region, Convicts of trafficking in persons worldwide 2020, by gender and region, Share of people convicted of trafficking in persons worldwide in 2020, by gender and region, Origin of convicted human traffickers worldwide 2018, Origin of convicted human traffickers worldwide in 2018. Masks and other personal protective equipment, as well as virtual engagements, reduce the ability to read facial and non-verbal cues and body language, which can be a survival mechanism for survivors. Slovak Republic The second most common form of human trafficking is forced labour (18%), although this may be a misrepresentation because forced labour is less frequently detected and reported than trafficking for sexual exploitation. Mauritania The Houthi rebels gave the boys weapons and forced them to fight and guard checkpoints. I cant compare one victims experience to anothers, but I will say that race can add an additional layer of oppression., A survivors account, Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: https://cbss.org/our-work/safe-secure-region/anti-trafficking/, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings Strategic Plan 2020-2025, Human Trafficking 2020 Baltic Sea Round-up Report, Guidelines for journalists reporting on cases of human trafficking: Media and Trafficking in Human Beings (2019), Task Force Against Trafficking in Human Beings, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/, Reports: https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, 9th General Report on GRETAs Activities (2019), https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, Guidance Note on the entitlement of victims of trafficking, and persons at risk of being trafficked, to international protection, Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ECOWAS Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001), Joint ECOWAS/ECCAS Regional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2008), http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/index.action, Third report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2020) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/content/images/Human-Trafficking-2018.pdf, Arab Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2010, Comprehensive Arab Strategy for Combating, Trafficking in Human Beings (CASCTHB), Council of Arab Ministers of Justice Resolution 15/2/2012, http://www.oas.org/dsp/english/cpo_trata_dia_mundial.asp, Second Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemi-sphere 2015-2018 (extended to 2020), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons Declaration of Mexico (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES. Page 30: Reuters/Jackson Njehia As the UN-recognized government of Libya, the GNA and its military leaders are critical interlocutors in these discussions. 1107 Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Decision No. Casey Risko The FGS is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Although trafficking seems to imply people moving across continents, most exploitation takes place close to home. Turkey 2021 Trafficking In Persons Report: Human Trafficking in the Context of Brooke Beyer Traffickers often use fraudulent, psychologically manipulative, or coercive recruitment methods so they need not kidnap or even physically restrain their victims. Under the unparalleled leadership and direction of Khassanova, Sana Sezim continues to provide access to justice for victims of trafficking by building the organizational capacity of civil society organizations and the judicial system to combat trafficking in persons. The government also reportedly placed ethnic Tibetans in vocational training and manufacturing jobs as part of an ostensible poverty alleviation and labor transfer program that featured overt coercive elements. 92% were male 63% were white 18% were black 17% were Hispanic 95% were U.S. citizens 66% had no prior convictions. What's. Rwanda The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons: forced labor and sex trafficking. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. The Government of Burma had a policy or pattern of use of children for forced labor by the military. The Secretary of State is authorized to waive this automatic downgrade only once, in that third year, based on credible evidence that a waiver is justified because the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is devoting sufficient resources to implement the plan. Many reputable sources publish information online to help the public understand when information being shared about human trafficking is misleading or false. I then started working in escorting services through a bar where I didnt know the rates charged, didnt handle the money, and had little to no control over refusing clients who were violent or wouldnt use condoms. U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. Moira Honohan Bemaka-Souis tireless leadership and her efforts to forge these institutional frameworks resulted in the critical foundation for the government to steadily improve its efforts to combat human trafficking. From there, Joriz exploited Benilda in another form of sex trafficking by forcing her to engage in commercial sex acts at local hotels. Allow me to repeat myself: we were SOLD. While the help of the public is a crucial part of anti-trafficking efforts, the public can inadvertently interfere when its actions are based on false information or on tips from individuals with no direct knowledge of human trafficking situations. Belgium Janet Zinn. Catherine E. Kay As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Malawi In February 2021, Bemaka-Soui spearheaded and oversaw the launch of the governments first radio campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking in the local language of Sango, thereby allowing the government to reach key communities. Because of this, the indicators for familial trafficking are different than indicators for other types of trafficking. Building the capacity of the Republic of Yemen Government to meet these goals furthers important U.S. government security interests to include enhancing homeland security, while simultaneously moving toward the goal of ending the war in Yemen. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic, Changing Human Trafficking Trends Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impacts of COVID-19 on the Anti-Trafficking Community, Adaptations to Anti-Trafficking Efforts in Response to COVID-19, Considerations for the Anti-Trafficking Fields Response to COVID-19 and Beyond, Navigating the Unique Complexities in Familial Trafficking, Unifying Trauma-Informed Practices and Voices of Survivor Leadership, The Negative Impacts of Human Trafficking Misinformation, The Role of the Financial Sector: Promising Practices in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Acknowledging Historical and Ongoing Harm: The Connections between Systemic Racism and Human Trafficking, Child-Friendly Spaces for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Letter on LGBTQI+ Vulnerability to Human Trafficking, When the Government is the Trafficker: State-Sponsored Trafficking in Persons, Funding Restrictions for Tier 3 Countries, TVPA Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons, Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui |Central African Republic, Chantal Sagbo Sasse ep. This is almost twenty thousand less than in the previous year, but the number of human trafficking victims has. The use of these innovations leaves digital footprints, which may be detected as these transactions pass through the financial system. For example, law enforcement may become inundated with false information they are required to follow up on or investigate, especially when reports relate to children, stretching already limited time and resources. Government authorities and service providers should take special measures to ensure appropriate and tailored support and care are available to them. Although the pandemic resulted in the reduction or suspension of many support networks for victims, service providers shifted to online and virtual platforms to continue supporting victims as much as possible. If another family member notices the exploitation of the child, there is a strong incentive to look the other way to protect the family, both physically and in reputation, from outside interventions. Child-friendly spaces have traditionally been used in refugee camps or after natural disasters, but increasingly those in the anti-trafficking field are using them to provide comprehensive assistance and support to child trafficking victims in other settings. Greater stability and self-reliance is one of our top strategic objectives in the DRC, such that our more than half a billion dollars in annual bilateral assistance can be wound down, and our focus turned more fully toward trade and investment. List of Waivers or Exceptions Exercised under Section 404(a). This waiver will allow the United States to provide security assistance that will support improving governance and the rule of law, promoting peace and security, combating corruption, advancing human rights, and creating conditions for greater U.S. investment and economic growth. Iraqi law requires all soldiers, including volunteers in Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) militias, to be of 18 years of age or older, and Iraq is a party to the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC). El Salvador Standing in solidarity with Black lives also means speaking up for the injustices plaguing Black communities that are overwhelmed with trafficking victims. Similarly, the Australian Border Force issued an information sheet on modern slavery and COVID-19 that provided guidance on how to reduce the risk of workers becoming more vulnerable to human traffickers as a result of the pandemic. Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. Human trafficking results in severe detrimental impacts on both mental and physical health. Agencies. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Trafficking in Persons, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf, The Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493 ), UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2020), Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2020), Model Legislative Provisions against Trafficking in Persons (2020), Female Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation as Defendants (2021), UNODC Toolkit for Mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality into Criminal Justice Intervention to Address Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (2021), UN Sustainable Development Goal targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2 (SDGs), http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/langen/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, -P029 Protocol of 2014 and Recommendation R203, supplementing the Forced Labour Convention (1930), -C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957), -C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), -C189 Domestic Workers Convention, and its Recommendation R201 (2011), ILO training package on inspection of labour conditions on board fishing vessels (2020), UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, UN Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, AU Commission Initiative against Trafficking Campaign (AU.COMMIT), October 1, 2020, Virtual Event, 2nd Virtual Technical Meeting on Data Collection on Irregular Migration and Associated Protection Risks towards the Production of a Statistical Report on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in the Horn of Africa and Surrounding Region, January 23-24, 2020, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, National Stakeholder Workshop on the AU-Horn of Africa Mainstreaming Initiative for Countering Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, (EU/Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative), Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014), Valletta Summit Political Declaration (2015), EU-Africa Action Plan on Migration and Mobility (2014-2017), ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), The Bali Process Guidelines for Information Sharing to Address People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, The Bali Process Handbook on Addressing Irregular Migration through Effective Information Campaigns, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Identification and Protection of Victims of Trafficking, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Following the Money in Trafficking in Persons Cases, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Returns and Reintegration, Protecting Migrants at Sea: Practical Guide to Fulfilling International Obligations, Corruption as a facilitator of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons (2021), Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 20142018, COMMIT 4th Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPA IV 2015-2018)Victim Identification and Referral Mechanisms: Common Guidelines for the Greater Mekong Sub-region.
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